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The Sequential King Lists of the Turin Papyrus and the Sothis Kinglist
Die Reihenfolge der Könige im Turin Papyrus and der Sothis Liste Menu 		Previous Next

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A Working Hypothesis - Tentativly we follow the suggestion of Dr. D.A. Courville that the Sothis list has been designed to omit the names of secondary and subsidiary kings and dynasties whose periods fall within the periods of other kings and dynasties. The summation of the reign lengths thus represent true elapsed time, as a close approximation, though the definition of what was included in the reign length differs at times from that used by the author of the Turin king list. As Dr. Courville wrote, in that sense "the Sothis King List does not include the names of any kings of Dynasties II, III, VI to XI, and XIII, as well as kings within other dynasties whose period of rule was encompassed by that of another king."[`The Exodus Problem', Vol. I, p. 166]
In Deutsch - Versuchsweise folgen wir dem Vorschlag von Dr. D.A. Courville, das die Sothis Liste so angeordnet wurde, das sie Namen von zweiträngigen und unterrängigen Königen und Dynastien, deren Perioden innerhalb der Zeit anderer Könige und Dynastien fallen, auslässt. Die Summe der Regierungslängen representieren desshalb wahren Zeitablauf, so nah wie eben möglich, obwohl die Definition was in die Regierungslängen fällt ist jedoch manchmal etwas unterschiedlich von der Turin Königsliste. In diesem Sinne schrieb Dr. Courville: "die Sothis Königs Liste enthält keine Namen von Königen der folgenden Dynastien: II, III, VI bis XI, und XIII, so wohl als auch Könige deren Regierungszeit in die eines anderen Königs fällt."[`The Exodus Problem', Vol. I, p. 166]
The 13th Dynasty Text Book Arangement
Wegaf ..... Khutawyre
Ameny Intef IV .... Amenemhet V ... Sankhibre
Hor .... Auyibre [30]
Sobekhotep II ... Amenemhet VI ... Sekhembre Khutawy
Khendjer ... Userkare
Sobekhotep III ... Sekhembre Sewadjtawy
 1782-1778
(?) - 1760
ca. 1760
ca. 1750
ca. 1747
ca. 1745
 Neferhotep I ... Khasekhembre
Sobekhotep IV ... Khaneferre [80]
Ay ... Mernefere
Neferhotep II ... Sekhemre Sankhtawy [100]
Hetepibre Harnedjheriotef ... [110]
 1741 - 1730
1730 - 1720
ca. 1720
?
?
To see a 10 cm high blue faience bowl inscribed with the partially faded cartouche attributed to Sobekhotep IV, supposedly found in the Asasif on the Luxor west bank see KMT, Vol. 11, Fall 2000, p. 22.
The 13th Dynasty Princes According to the Turin Papyrus
Die Prinze der 13. Dynastie nach dem Turin Papyrus 		The Rulers of the 13th Dynasty according to the Sothis King List
Die Herrscher der 13. Dynastie nach der Sothis Königsliste
01. Ra-Khu-tai / Sebekhotep I
02. Sokhemkara [160] / Sankhtani
03. Ra-Amenemhet I
...The subsequent names (at least 2-3)
Egyptian sounding names and could be names of the Hyksos/Amalekite invaders.
Die nachfolgenden Namen könnten die Namen der Hyksoseroberer sein.
04. Sehotapabra / Ra-sehetep-ab/ Sehotepibre(?)[200]
05. Aufni - Yufni - Yufsi - Yusef
06. Sankhabra / Ameni Antef Amenemhat
07. Smenkara / Ra-Smen-ka
08. Sehotepra / Ra-sehetep-ab
09. .......kara
10. One or two names destroyed
(Ein oder zwei Namen zerstört)
11. Notemabra
12. Ra Sebekhotep II
13. Ran-(sen)-eb
14. Autuabra I
15. Setef...ra / Ra-setchef-...
16. Ra Sokhemkhataui/Sebekhotep III
17. Rauser
18. Smonkhara Mermesha
19. ....kara
20. ....user-Ser
21. Ra Sokhem (suttai) Sebekhotep IV
22. Kasesheshra Noferhotep / Nefer-hetep I
23. Ra Sahathor / Ramer-selehem-Neferhotep
24. Khanoferra / Chenephres
 25. Khakara ?
26. Khaankhra / (Sebekhotep VI) Ra-kha-hetep
27. Khahotepra
28. Uahabra [300]
29. Mernoferra Ai
30. Merhotepra
31. Sankhnefra Utu
32. Mersokherma Anran
33. Suthara...ura
34. Names from 34-57 are for the most part partially or totally destroyed.
(Die Namen von 34-57 sind zum größtenteil teilweise oder ganz zerstört.)
58. Nahasi-(ra
59. Khakherura
60. Nebef autura
61. Sehibra
62. Mertefara
63. Sutkara
64. Nebtefara
65. Ra Uben II
66. Many of the remaining names are unreadable.
Viele der übrigen Namen kann man nicht mehr lesen. 		01. Mestraim
02. Kourodes
03. Aristarchus
04. Spanius
05. unrecorded
(nicht verzeichnet)
06. unrecorded
(nicht verzeichnet)
07. Osirophis
08. Sesonchosis
09. Amenemes
10. Amasis
11. Acesephthres
12. Anchoreus
13. Armyises
14. Chamois
15. Miamus
16. Amesesis
17. Uses
18. Ramese
19. Rames(s)omenes
20. Usimares
21. Ramesseseos
22. Ramessameno
23. Ramessameno
 24. Ramese, son of Uaphres
25. Koncharis* Pharaoh of the Exodus? (Pharaoh des Auszugs?)
26. Silitis
27. Bainon
28. Apachnas
29. Aphophis
30. Sethos
31. Certos
32. Aseth
33. Amosis (Themosis)
34. Chebron
35. Amemphis
35. Amemphis
37. Misphragmuthosis
38. Misphres
39. Thutmosis
40. Amenophthis
41. Orus
42. Achencheres
43. Athoris
44. Chencheres
45. Acherres
46. Armaeus (Danaus)

The Turin Papyrus contains #5, the name `Aufni' or `Yufni'. Since in the ancient Egyptian language it was not unusual to exchange the `s' for an `n' sound, i.e. Sesostris vs Sesonchis, Aufni could also be read Yufsi. Transliteration of this name allows for transposition of the sounds to render the name `Yusif' or `Yusef', a satisfactory rendition of `Yusef', or `Joseph'.
Another dimension about Joseph and his time was opened by Damien in his paper on the Old Kingdom which could mean that there might be a connection between Aufni and Imhotep.

Two choices for the Pharaoh of the Exodus: Koncharis or Amenemhet IV.

It appears that either Koncharis or Amenemhet IV would make the best candidates for the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Many interpreters seem to favor more well known kings for the pharaoh of the Exodus, however, their life span seems to be too long for the biblical narrative seems to require a king with a short life span. D. Courville stated, "The name Koncharis is a Greek transliteration of an Egyptian name. Reversing the rules by which Egyptian names are transliterated into Greek, we are led from the Greek name to the original Egyptian name Ka-ankh-ra. This name appears among the names of the XIII. Dynasty kings on the Table of Karnak. Brugsch located this name, and by comparison of the briefer Karnak list with the more complete Turin list, he concluded that Ka-ankh-ra was to be identified as Sebekhotep IV [400] of the Turin list."

Insert: `However, since this was written, Damien researched the Old Kingdom dynasties and presents there another candidate for the pharaoh of the Exodus. This is to show that the subject is not resolved until we get a much better understanding of the Old Kingdom dynasties and their place in time. His paper has some intriguing aspects. Only further study will reveal its application to true ancient history. But we are proud to represent these varying viewpoints for the history of these ancient times is by no means settled beyond the need for great changes. After all we are talking about events from 4000 years in the past with scant records.'

In the report of Sir Flinders Petrie at Tanis he mentions two colossal statues of a 13th Dynasty king by the name of `Murmashau'. While we cannot find this name in this spelling among those of our Turin list above, we do find at least one name of similar construction, i.e. #18.


Und nun das obige in Deutsch

Der Turin papyrus enthält den Namen #5, `Aufni' oder `Yufni'. Da es in der alten Ägyptischen Sprache nicht ungewöhnlich ist den Laut `s' mit `n' zu wechseln, wie z.B. in Sesostris verglichen mit Sesonchis, konnte man `Aufni' auch als `Yufsi' lesen, eine zufriedenstellende Wiedergabe von `Yusef', also `Joseph'.

Die Besten Kandidaten für den Pharaoh des Auszugs: Koncharis oder Amenemhet IV.

Es scheint, das entweder Amenemhet IV. oder vielleicht Koncharis die besten Kandidaten für den Auszug aus Ägypten sind. Viele andere Ausleger nennen bekanntere Namen als Kandidaten für diesen König. Wir müßen aber sagen, das diese oft eine zu lange Regierungszeit hatten und der biblische Bericht zu verlangen scheint, daß der Pharaoh des Auszugs ein kürzeres Leben hatte. Dr. D.Courville schrieb: "Der Name Koncharis ist eine Griechische Übersetzung eines Ägyptischen Namens. Wenn wir die Regeln der Übersetzung vom Griechischen zum Ägyptischen rückwärts anwenden, führt uns das zu dem originalen Ägyptischen Namen `Ka-ankh-ra'. Diesen Namen finden wir unter den Namen der Könige der 13. Dynastie in der Karnak Königsliste. H.Brugsch fand diesen Namen und beim Vergleich mit den Namen der kürzeren Karnakliste mit dem Turin Papyrus identifzierte er ihn als Sebekhotep IV. [600] der Turin Liste. [700]

Turin List Karnak List Sothis List


08. Sankhabra ________
16. Ra-Sokhemkhutaui_
21. Ra-Sokhem_______
22. Khasesheshre_____
24. Khanoferre_______
25. K.............._______
26. destroyed________
27. destroyed

02. Sut-en-re
03. Sankhabra
04. Re-Sokhemkhutaui
05. Re-Sokhemauttaui
06. Khasesheshre
07. Khanoferre
08. Khakara
09. Kha-ankh-re_______
10. Khahotepre 		17. Uses
18. Rameses
19. Ramessomenes
20. Usimares
21. Ramessessos
22. Ramessameno
23. Ramesse
24. Rameses
25. Koncharis
26. Salitis (Hyksos)

In the above list lines between names indicate recognized identities. Where these are lacking, a rough approximation in time may hold, but not necessarily so.

"Please follow the accompanying comparative table of Egyptian rulers from these three sources as we proceed. The numbers are those of the name positions in the individual lists.
The first king of the Hyksos, as noted by Josephus, had the name Salitis. This name is No. 26 in the Sothis list column. This name is separated from a line of seven names which for the most part are derived from the name Rameses. Scripture strongly infers that a king by this name was ruling during the period of oppression. But this inference extends to the use of this name, as a family name, reaching back to the time of Joseph. See Genesis 47:11.
These Ramessies of the Sothis list are then alternate names for the kings of dynasty XII, since the famine of Joseph's time is dated to the reign of Sesostris I, an early king of dynasty XII. (But see our `Old Kingdom' file). We may then expect to locate among these names the pharaoh who enslaved the Israelites and the pharaoh under whom they served in building the cities Pithom and Raamses. Since dynasty XII ruled from the delta region, we now have a king by the name of Rameses ruling at the time of the oppression with his palace in proximity to the enslaved Israelites as pictured in Scripture. Thus this major discrepancy in the XVIII dynasty placement is eliminated." [1000]
Notes & References

[30] For a large scale color image of the face of Hor with flashing eyes due to inlaid pupils, said to have been the 14th king of the 13th Dynasty, see Bryan Fagan, `Egypt of the Pharaohs', p. 172.

[80] Während Dr. Courville hier zitierte: `Sebekhotep IV', identifizierte E.A.W. Budge `Sebekhotep V.' mit #159, `Ka-ankh-ra', und in #157 `Sebekhotep IV' mit `Kha-nefer-Ra'. Wir finden unter #158 eine `Kha-ka-Ra' erwähnt. Wir denken, das Dr. Courvilles Buch einen Druckfehler enthalten mag. Sobekhotep IV may have been the same king as Amenemhet IV, our new pharaoh of the Exodus.

[100] A BW image of the statue, according to Budge, of one `Sekhem-suatch-taui-Ra' can be seen in his `By Nile and Tigris', Vol. II, 1920, p. 362 (BM#614).

[110] See K.S.B. Ryholt, `Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla' in BASOR, Aug 1998, p. 1-6.

[160] From this king's reign is said to stem a Nile flood level inscription.
Other Sources: Jaromir Malek, `The Original Version of The Royal Canon of Turin' in JEA, Vol. 68 (1982), pp. 93-106.

[200] #4, Hotepibre or possibly Sehotepibre or even the throne name of Amenemhet I, Shtp-ib-R', found with the female name of Nofrusobek, is considered to have been the sender of a mace head to Ebla. K.S.B. Ryholt, Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla in BASOR, Aug 1998, p. 1-6.

[300] The name Ab-ye is found in the Turin Papyrus with the prenomen of Uah-ab-Ra. On a stela in the BM (#1348) the name appears in a cartouche, and also as the name of a `Royal Chancelor'. (PSBA, Vol. XXXVI, Nov 1914, p. 249.)

[400] D.Courville, `The Exodus Problem and Its Ramifications', Vol. I, p. 127. -- On the contemporaneity of the 6th with the 13th Dynasty, D. Courville wrote: "Who was the pharaoh of the Exodus? An identification of this king is possible through a comparison of the Sothis king list, the Turin list of 13th dynasty names, and the Karnak king list. No two of these lists are alike."' Such a comparison was made by the noted Egyptologist, Henry-Brugsch Bey in his `A History of Egypt', 1881, p. 216.

[600] While Courville cites here `Sebekhotep IV', Budge identifies `Sebekhotep V.', with `Ka-ankh-ra' in entry 159, and in entry 157 `Sebekhotep IV.' with `Kha-nefer-Ra'. There is in entry 158 a `Kha-ka-Ra' listed. We think Dr. Courville's reference to Sebekhotep IV may have been a mis-print.

[620] D.Courville, `The Exodus Problem and Its Ramifications', Vol. I, p. 127.

280) The name Ab-ye is found in the Turin Papyrus with the prenomen of Uah-ab-Ra. On a stela in the BM (#1348) the name appears in a cartouche, and also as the name of a `Royal Chancelor'. (PSBA, Vol. XXXVI, Nov 1914, p. 249.)

[1000] D. Courville, `The Exodus: Fact or Legend' in Signs, April 1978, p. 16-27.
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